Russian Language

Comparing People and Things

Goal: make comparisons between people, objects, and situations using comparative and superlative adjectives in natural spoken and written Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will make comparisons between people, objects, and situations using comparative and superlative adjectives in natural spoken and written Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Conditionals and Hypotheticals

Goal: express real and hypothetical conditions in Russian using если … то and the subjunctive mood with бы. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express real and hypothetical conditions in Russian using если … то and the subjunctive mood with бы. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About the Past in Depth

Goal: narrate past events with rich time references, using aspect, sequence markers, and reported speech to tell a coherent story. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will narrate past events with rich time references, using aspect, sequence markers, and reported speech to tell a coherent story. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About the Future in Depth

Goal: express future plans, intentions, and predictions using a range of structures beyond the basic future tense. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express future plans, intentions, and predictions using a range of structures beyond the basic future tense. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Describing Actions in Detail

Goal: use adverbs and adverbial phrases to describe how, when, and to what degree actions are performed. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will use adverbs and adverbial phrases to describe how, when, and to what degree actions are performed. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About Feelings and Opinions

Goal: express personal opinions, feelings, and reactions with appropriate structures and vocabulary in conversation. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express personal opinions, feelings, and reactions with appropriate structures and vocabulary in conversation. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Reading Authentic Texts

Goal: extract key information from short authentic Russian texts such as news headlines, advertisements, and notices. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will extract key information from short authentic Russian texts such as news headlines, advertisements, and notices. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Formal and Informal Register

Goal: switch between formal and informal registers in spoken and written Russian to suit different social contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will switch between formal and informal registers in spoken and written Russian to suit different social contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Orthography and Spelling Rules

Goal: spell common Russian words correctly by applying key orthographic rules and avoiding the most frequent errors found in assessments. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will spell common Russian words correctly by applying key orthographic rules and avoiding the most frequent errors found in assessments. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Participles Active Present

Goal: form and use present active participles to describe people and things performing actions in real conversations and writing. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will form and use present active participles to describe people and things performing actions in real conversations and writing. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Participles Passive Forms

Goal: form and use passive participles (present and past) to understand and produce formal written Russian describing actions done to people or things. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will form and use passive participles (present and past) to understand and produce formal written Russian describing actions done to people or things. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Verbal Adverbs in Use

Goal: form and use imperfective and perfective verbal adverbs (деепричастия) to join actions in sophisticated spoken and written Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will form and use imperfective and perfective verbal adverbs (деепричастия) to join actions in sophisticated spoken and written Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Complex Sentence Structures

Goal: construct and interpret complex subordinate clauses expressing cause, concession, condition, and result in extended discourse. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will construct and interpret complex subordinate clauses expressing cause, concession, condition, and result in extended discourse. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Negation and Particles

Goal: use advanced negation structures and particles to express nuance, emphasis, and scope in authentic Russian speech and writing. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will use advanced negation structures and particles to express nuance, emphasis, and scope in authentic Russian speech and writing. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Word Formation Mastery

Goal: analyze and build new words through prefixation, suffixation, and compounding to expand vocabulary productively in professional contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will analyze and build new words through prefixation, suffixation, and compounding to expand vocabulary productively in professional contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About Society and Culture

Goal: discuss social issues, cultural phenomena, and abstract topics in Russian using appropriate vocabulary and discourse strategies. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will discuss social issues, cultural phenomena, and abstract topics in Russian using appropriate vocabulary and discourse strategies. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Media and Current Events

Goal: read and discuss displayed transcripts and short extracts from authentic Russian-language news and media content on current events using journalistic vocabulary and discourse patterns. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will read and discuss displayed transcripts and short extracts from authentic Russian-language news and media content on current events using journalistic vocabulary and discourse patterns. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Professional and Academic Russian

Goal: produce and interpret professional documents, academic summaries, and formal correspondence at the level required for employment in Russian-speaking environments. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will produce and interpret professional documents, academic summaries, and formal correspondence at the level required for employment in Russian-speaking environments. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Spoken Fluency and Discourse

Goal: speak fluently and coherently on abstract and professional topics, managing conversation structure, turn-taking, and repair strategies in Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will speak fluently and coherently on abstract and professional topics, managing conversation structure, turn-taking, and repair strategies in Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Stylistic Register

Goal: switch fluently between formal, neutral, and colloquial registers in the same conversation or text. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will switch fluently between formal, neutral, and colloquial registers in the same conversation or text. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Subordinate Clauses

Goal: construct and interpret multi-layered subordinate clause chains in spoken and written Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will construct and interpret multi-layered subordinate clause chains in spoken and written Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Comparing People and Things

Goal: make comparisons between people, objects, and situations using comparative and superlative adjectives in natural spoken and written Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will make comparisons between people, objects, and situations using comparative and superlative adjectives in natural spoken and written Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Conditionals and Hypotheticals

Goal: express real and hypothetical conditions in Russian using если … то and the subjunctive mood with бы. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express real and hypothetical conditions in Russian using если … то and the subjunctive mood with бы. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About the Past in Depth

Goal: narrate past events with rich time references, using aspect, sequence markers, and reported speech to tell a coherent story. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will narrate past events with rich time references, using aspect, sequence markers, and reported speech to tell a coherent story. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About the Future in Depth

Goal: express future plans, intentions, and predictions using a range of structures beyond the basic future tense. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express future plans, intentions, and predictions using a range of structures beyond the basic future tense. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Describing Actions in Detail

Goal: use adverbs and adverbial phrases to describe how, when, and to what degree actions are performed. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will use adverbs and adverbial phrases to describe how, when, and to what degree actions are performed. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About Feelings and Opinions

Goal: express personal opinions, feelings, and reactions with appropriate structures and vocabulary in conversation. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express personal opinions, feelings, and reactions with appropriate structures and vocabulary in conversation. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Reading Authentic Texts

Goal: extract key information from short authentic Russian texts such as news headlines, advertisements, and notices. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will extract key information from short authentic Russian texts such as news headlines, advertisements, and notices. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Formal and Informal Register

Goal: switch between formal and informal registers in spoken and written Russian to suit different social contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will switch between formal and informal registers in spoken and written Russian to suit different social contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Orthography and Spelling Rules

Goal: spell common Russian words correctly by applying key orthographic rules and avoiding the most frequent errors found in assessments. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will spell common Russian words correctly by applying key orthographic rules and avoiding the most frequent errors found in assessments. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Participles Active Present

Goal: form and use present active participles to describe people and things performing actions in real conversations and writing. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will form and use present active participles to describe people and things performing actions in real conversations and writing. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Participles Passive Forms

Goal: form and use passive participles (present and past) to understand and produce formal written Russian describing actions done to people or things. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will form and use passive participles (present and past) to understand and produce formal written Russian describing actions done to people or things. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Verbal Adverbs in Use

Goal: form and use imperfective and perfective verbal adverbs (деепричастия) to join actions in sophisticated spoken and written Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will form and use imperfective and perfective verbal adverbs (деепричастия) to join actions in sophisticated spoken and written Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Complex Sentence Structures

Goal: construct and interpret complex subordinate clauses expressing cause, concession, condition, and result in extended discourse. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will construct and interpret complex subordinate clauses expressing cause, concession, condition, and result in extended discourse. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Negation and Particles

Goal: use advanced negation structures and particles to express nuance, emphasis, and scope in authentic Russian speech and writing. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will use advanced negation structures and particles to express nuance, emphasis, and scope in authentic Russian speech and writing. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Word Formation Mastery

Goal: analyze and build new words through prefixation, suffixation, and compounding to expand vocabulary productively in professional contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will analyze and build new words through prefixation, suffixation, and compounding to expand vocabulary productively in professional contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Talking About Society and Culture

Goal: discuss social issues, cultural phenomena, and abstract topics in Russian using appropriate vocabulary and discourse strategies. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will discuss social issues, cultural phenomena, and abstract topics in Russian using appropriate vocabulary and discourse strategies. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Media and Current Events

Goal: read and discuss displayed transcripts and short extracts from authentic Russian-language news and media content on current events using journalistic vocabulary and discourse patterns. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will read and discuss displayed transcripts and short extracts from authentic Russian-language news and media content on current events using journalistic vocabulary and discourse patterns. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Professional and Academic Russian

Goal: produce and interpret professional documents, academic summaries, and formal correspondence at the level required for employment in Russian-speaking environments. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will produce and interpret professional documents, academic summaries, and formal correspondence at the level required for employment in Russian-speaking environments. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Spoken Fluency and Discourse

Goal: speak fluently and coherently on abstract and professional topics, managing conversation structure, turn-taking, and repair strategies in Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will speak fluently and coherently on abstract and professional topics, managing conversation structure, turn-taking, and repair strategies in Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Stylistic Register

Goal: switch fluently between formal, neutral, and colloquial registers in the same conversation or text. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will switch fluently between formal, neutral, and colloquial registers in the same conversation or text. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Subordinate Clauses

Goal: construct and interpret multi-layered subordinate clause chains in spoken and written Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will construct and interpret multi-layered subordinate clause chains in spoken and written Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Nuanced Aspect and Modality

Goal: express shades of obligation, permission, possibility, and aspect-driven meaning in sophisticated contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express shades of obligation, permission, possibility, and aspect-driven meaning in sophisticated contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Aspect Pairs in Use

Goal: choose the correct aspect pair in every context including commands, requests, and narrative voice. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will choose the correct aspect pair in every context including commands, requests, and narrative voice. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Participial and Adverbial Phrases

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for participial and adverbial phrases through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for participial and adverbial phrases through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Reading Academic Texts

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for reading academic texts through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for reading academic texts through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Spoken Fluency at C1

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for spoken fluency at c1 through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for spoken fluency at c1 through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Writing Arguments and Essays

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for writing arguments and essays through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for writing arguments and essays through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Professional Communication C1

Goal: handle a complex professional communication task — negotiation, complaint, or proposal — entirely in Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will handle a complex professional communication task — negotiation, complaint, or proposal — entirely in Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Media Analysis

Goal: analyse bias, framing, and implicit stance in Russian media sources and produce a balanced commentary. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will analyse bias, framing, and implicit stance in Russian media sources and produce a balanced commentary. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Vocabulary Depth and Precision

Goal: choose the most precise word from near-synonyms and collocations in formal and informal contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will choose the most precise word from near-synonyms and collocations in formal and informal contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Literature and Cultural Texts

Goal: read and discuss a short Russian literary excerpt or cultural text, identifying style, tone, and cultural reference. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will read and discuss a short Russian literary excerpt or cultural text, identifying style, tone, and cultural reference. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Stylistic Mastery Refined

Goal: produce and analyse texts across all major Russian registers with full stylistic confidence, adapting vocabulary, syntax, and tone to any real-world context. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will produce and analyse texts across all major Russian registers with full stylistic confidence, adapting vocabulary, syntax, and tone to any real-world context. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Precision Grammar at C2

Goal: apply the most advanced grammatical structures — including archaic case uses, complex verb government, and rare aspectual patterns — in both analytical writing and spontaneous conversation. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will apply the most advanced grammatical structures — including archaic case uses, complex verb government, and rare aspectual patterns — in both analytical writing and spontaneous conversation. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Spoken Russian Unfiltered

Goal: sustain and lead extended spontaneous discourse in Russian across demanding real-world contexts — debates, interviews, and informal high-speed conversation — with near-native fluency. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will sustain and lead extended spontaneous discourse in Russian across demanding real-world contexts — debates, interviews, and informal high-speed conversation — with near-native fluency. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Writing Craft

Goal: compose polished, rhetorically effective long-form texts in Russian — including persuasive essays, analytical reports, and formal correspondence — with sophisticated cohesion and style. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will compose polished, rhetorically effective long-form texts in Russian — including persuasive essays, analytical reports, and formal correspondence — with sophisticated cohesion and style. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Literature and Intertextuality

Goal: engage critically with canonical and contemporary Russian literary texts, identifying intertextual references, authorial voice, and cultural-historical subtexts with interpretive precision. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will engage critically with canonical and contemporary Russian literary texts, identifying intertextual references, authorial voice, and cultural-historical subtexts with interpretive precision. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

C2 Media and Critical Discourse

Goal: decode, analyse, and produce sophisticated Russian media texts — including opinion journalism, political commentary, and investigative writing — with full critical awareness of framing, ideology, and rhetoric. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will decode, analyse, and produce sophisticated Russian media texts — including opinion journalism, political commentary, and investigative writing — with full critical awareness of framing, ideology, and rhetoric. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Diplomatic and Legal Russian

Goal: read, interpret, and produce formal Russian texts in legal, diplomatic, and institutional domains with the precision required for professional or examination use. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will read, interpret, and produce formal Russian texts in legal, diplomatic, and institutional domains with the precision required for professional or examination use. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Near-Native Vocabulary Command

Goal: demonstrate near-native control of Russian vocabulary including collocations, connotation, word-formation productivity, and the pragmatic force of near-synonyms in any context. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will demonstrate near-native control of Russian vocabulary including collocations, connotation, word-formation productivity, and the pragmatic force of near-synonyms in any context. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

C2 Orthography and Norms

Goal: achieve error-free written Russian at C2 level by mastering residual spelling, punctuation, and normative usage challenges that distinguish educated native writers. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will achieve error-free written Russian at C2 level by mastering residual spelling, punctuation, and normative usage challenges that distinguish educated native writers. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Comprehensive C2 Integration

Goal: demonstrate full C2 mastery by integrating grammar, vocabulary, style, spoken fluency, and cultural literacy in authentic multi-modal tasks that mirror real-world professional and academic demands. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will demonstrate full C2 mastery by integrating grammar, vocabulary, style, spoken fluency, and cultural literacy in authentic multi-modal tasks that mirror real-world professional and academic demands. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Nuanced Aspect and Modality

Goal: express shades of obligation, permission, possibility, and aspect-driven meaning in sophisticated contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will express shades of obligation, permission, possibility, and aspect-driven meaning in sophisticated contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Aspect Pairs in Use

Goal: choose the correct aspect pair in every context including commands, requests, and narrative voice. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will choose the correct aspect pair in every context including commands, requests, and narrative voice. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Participial and Adverbial Phrases

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for participial and adverbial phrases through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for participial and adverbial phrases through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Reading Academic Texts

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for reading academic texts through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for reading academic texts through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Spoken Fluency at C1

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for spoken fluency at c1 through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for spoken fluency at c1 through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Writing Arguments and Essays

Goal: Build the language decisions needed for writing arguments and essays through compact texts and short exchanges. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will build the language decisions needed for writing arguments and essays through compact texts and short exchanges. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Professional Communication C1

Goal: handle a complex professional communication task — negotiation, complaint, or proposal — entirely in Russian. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will handle a complex professional communication task — negotiation, complaint, or proposal — entirely in Russian. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Media Analysis

Goal: analyse bias, framing, and implicit stance in Russian media sources and produce a balanced commentary. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will analyse bias, framing, and implicit stance in Russian media sources and produce a balanced commentary. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Vocabulary Depth and Precision

Goal: choose the most precise word from near-synonyms and collocations in formal and informal contexts. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will choose the most precise word from near-synonyms and collocations in formal and informal contexts. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Literature and Cultural Texts

Goal: read and discuss a short Russian literary excerpt or cultural text, identifying style, tone, and cultural reference. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will read and discuss a short Russian literary excerpt or cultural text, identifying style, tone, and cultural reference. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Stylistic Mastery Refined

Goal: produce and analyse texts across all major Russian registers with full stylistic confidence, adapting vocabulary, syntax, and tone to any real-world context. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will produce and analyse texts across all major Russian registers with full stylistic confidence, adapting vocabulary, syntax, and tone to any real-world context. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Precision Grammar at C2

Goal: apply the most advanced grammatical structures — including archaic case uses, complex verb government, and rare aspectual patterns — in both analytical writing and spontaneous conversation. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will apply the most advanced grammatical structures — including archaic case uses, complex verb government, and rare aspectual patterns — in both analytical writing and spontaneous conversation. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Spoken Russian Unfiltered

Goal: sustain and lead extended spontaneous discourse in Russian across demanding real-world contexts — debates, interviews, and informal high-speed conversation — with near-native fluency. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will sustain and lead extended spontaneous discourse in Russian across demanding real-world contexts — debates, interviews, and informal high-speed conversation — with near-native fluency. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Writing Craft

Goal: compose polished, rhetorically effective long-form texts in Russian — including persuasive essays, analytical reports, and formal correspondence — with sophisticated cohesion and style. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will compose polished, rhetorically effective long-form texts in Russian — including persuasive essays, analytical reports, and formal correspondence — with sophisticated cohesion and style. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Literature and Intertextuality

Goal: engage critically with canonical and contemporary Russian literary texts, identifying intertextual references, authorial voice, and cultural-historical subtexts with interpretive precision. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will engage critically with canonical and contemporary Russian literary texts, identifying intertextual references, authorial voice, and cultural-historical subtexts with interpretive precision. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

C2 Media and Critical Discourse

Goal: decode, analyse, and produce sophisticated Russian media texts — including opinion journalism, political commentary, and investigative writing — with full critical awareness of framing, ideology, and rhetoric. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will decode, analyse, and produce sophisticated Russian media texts — including opinion journalism, political commentary, and investigative writing — with full critical awareness of framing, ideology, and rhetoric. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Diplomatic and Legal Russian

Goal: read, interpret, and produce formal Russian texts in legal, diplomatic, and institutional domains with the precision required for professional or examination use. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will read, interpret, and produce formal Russian texts in legal, diplomatic, and institutional domains with the precision required for professional or examination use. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Near-Native Vocabulary Command

Goal: demonstrate near-native control of Russian vocabulary including collocations, connotation, word-formation productivity, and the pragmatic force of near-synonyms in any context. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will demonstrate near-native control of Russian vocabulary including collocations, connotation, word-formation productivity, and the pragmatic force of near-synonyms in any context. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

C2 Orthography and Norms

Goal: achieve error-free written Russian at C2 level by mastering residual spelling, punctuation, and normative usage challenges that distinguish educated native writers. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will achieve error-free written Russian at C2 level by mastering residual spelling, punctuation, and normative usage challenges that distinguish educated native writers. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.

Comprehensive C2 Integration

Goal: demonstrate full C2 mastery by integrating grammar, vocabulary, style, spoken fluency, and cultural literacy in authentic multi-modal tasks that mirror real-world professional and academic demands. Outcome: In the running scene, the learner will demonstrate full C2 mastery by integrating grammar, vocabulary, style, spoken fluency, and cultural literacy in authentic multi-modal tasks that mirror real-world professional and academic demands. Running scene: a connected sequence of everyday situations where each lesson adds one usable skill.